Stereotyping in the World is the Universal Message of 12...

Through history people have tended to judge the lives of other by what they see on the outside, and completely disregard their actually character. â€Å"Stereotyping in the World† today has become a greater and greater problem has history moves on. Some have been known to look past these cases such as Reginald Rose’s book Twelve Angry Men. The play has been shown that one voice can change the thoughts of many by getting past the first layer and breaking it down to their inner person. Twelve Angry Men has showed the theme of â€Å"Stereotyping in the World† through the characters’ proper reasoning, communicating, and believing in good faith. For instance, the characters had to use the proper reasoning of understand to begin to understand one†¦show more content†¦All 12 jurors begin to realize events in the case all show the good faith they have in their own lives. Including from their own lives each juror has gone through a point in time were e ven they were stereotyped by the world. The jury has been convinced that the boy has been severely stereotyped through the whole case and court. The 3rd juror let the case come into his own life and he made his own opinion on the boy without even paying attention to detail, he reflected his own life in his argument with stereotypes (72). The lives of the jurors have all been affected by the acts of stereotyping and see the effects of it that can have on someone. A boy that at the beginning almost lost his life due to the people just looking at him was saved by the fact that the jury looked past all that. The play showed the theme of â€Å"Stereotyping in the World† through the characters’ proper reasoning, communicating, and believing in good faith. Twelve Angry Men allowed the views of many different men to see past the outside of a person and look at who they actually are. The play will put the test of each of the jurors’ character and show that the clea r theme in the play is â€Å"Stereotyping in the World.† The boy has been out in a life where he has no other way out of the setting and must live in. Even though he lives in the area does not mean that he is that category and so does theShow MoreRelated12 Angry Men: Movie1698 Words   |  7 Pages12 Angry Men In a world where the jury is the voice of the peoples justice, twelve men sit in a room poised to determine the fate of one boys life. Did he do it? If he didnt, who did? Why would a young man kill his beloved father with a switchblade knife? 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The atomic bomb was first used by the Americans against...

The atomic bomb was first used by the Americans against Japan to end the war. The Americans believed that this would end the war as well as giving them a post war diplomatic advantage over the Soviet Union. Instead, the atomic bomb used in World War 2 shifted postwar policies that inadvertently resulted in the Cold War. As Germany fell to the allies, postwar negotiations began. Roosevelt had been clear two fundamentals at Yalta. First, he believed the Nazi state should be eliminated â€Å"as a serious threat in the postwar period†. Second, Roosevelt felt the American people would not let there be an American force in Europe after the war. These led to the main requirements of Roosevelt’s postwar security policies (ALPEROVITZ, 149). His†¦show more content†¦From the soviet point of view, the problem was not quite the same. From 1945 to 1946, American policy slowly moved away from Roosevelt’s approach to Germany. Policies shifted from removing industrial aspect of Germany to rebuilding the German economic power. As the United States’ atomic arsenal grew the Truman Administration â€Å"steadily found the courage to act more forcefully and unilaterally in Germany† (ALPEROVITZ,152). Both the soviets and the United States fear the Germans, even with the atomic bomb. This fear made the United States doubt the rearmament of Germany since they had done so much damage in the past. Along with supporting the rebuilding of Germany, the rearmament also meant another allied force that could prevent Soviet expansion in Europe. The American people demanded rapid demobilization after World War 2. By the end of the war in 1945, the United States had more than 12 million service members under arms and only one year later, the figure was only 3 million. By June 1947, the armed services where no more than 1.5 million strong (ALPEROVITZ, 147).By having Germany rearmed it made the united states demobilize with some confidence when their attentions pointed towards Asia. As tensions grew between South Korea and North Korea American involvement was inevitable. â€Å"The political drama surrounding the Korean War permitted an extraordinary escalation in both cold war hysteria and in military spending†. Once the Korean War began spending shotShow MoreRelatedThe Modern Language Association s Guidelines1634 Words   |  7 Pages Atomic Bomb Research Paper Following the Modern Language Association s Guidelines Hamza Abidi South Brunswick High School Throughout World War II, problems that were faced by each country revolved around the idea of making the right decision. To attempt at making the right decisions, treaties were made between two or more countries that listed certain terms and conditions. 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Resistance To Change In The Company Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Resistance To Change In The Company. Answer: Managing resistance to change: It is the very big challenge for the management of the companies to manage the change in the organisation. Brining change in the company is basic need these days because of the dynamic environment and the changing market needs outside. The rate of advancement in technology has increased the speed of change in the organizations[1]. It is not an easy task to bring such changes in the company and its functions. This is because there are some barriers that restrict the change in the company. Irrespective of the sector and the industry, it has been analysed that change is required in every field. Resistance to change brings down the speed of change implementation in the company. Some researchers argues that resistance is not always bad as resistance slows doe the sped of cage that allow the employees and the company to adopt the changes[2]. The best theory that has been used by the companies in order to bring the change in the companies is Lewiss change management theory that is about unfreezing, transition and freezing. Managing the change implementation in the company is very important. For this purpose, the management needs to understand the change that needs to be implemented. Behaviour is one of the factors that are considered in order to understand the resistance of the change among the people. This is because behaviour of the people portrays what they feel and what are the inter issues they are facing in terms of the change that has been implemented in their vicinity[3]. Thus, resistance can be defined as the state of mind that shows the unwillingness of the person to adopt the change. Some argues that resistance is positive while some argue that resistance is very positive. Change brings modification in the person or the company. It is not possible that the change has ben implemented and there will be no modifications. Resistance act as the barriers to being that change and modification about it is not the fact that it always proves to be negative for the company[4]. If the beliefs of the per son are strong and they think that they are right and going on the correct oath and resisting the change may forces the management to think over it again. Another positive thing is that resistance to the change provides time to the employees and the company to take a hold on the change and adopt the same slowly. Different researchers have different views about the change that needs to be implemented and the resistance that act as the barriers for implementing those change. Managing change is an art and as per the understanding of the change resistance, management strategy needs to be made. There are various strategies or ways in which the resistance of the change can be managed. Information is the subset to bring the change. It is required by the managers of the company to provide full information to the employees about all the changes. Access to the full information helps the employees to adopt the change easily. Another important requirement for managing the cage is to understand the resistance to change[5]. It is required by the managers to understand the behaviour of the people and the reasons that are driving the resistance among the employees. A proper resistance strategy needs to be implemented. It has been identified that a model or the process of managing the resistance have been gi ven by the researchers so that it can be followed by the management of the companies in order to manage the resistance to change. The process starts with defining the change that needs to be implemented. After that, it is required to understand the resistance to change and the reasons behind such resistance. Considering all the things and the reasons, it is required to make the strategies so that they can be implemented before implementation of the change in the company. Evaluation is the last step in which the change is being evaluated and the results are calculated to see the progress of implementation. Resistance to the changes need to be removed by the management in order to implement the change effectively. Providing information to the employees about the change is the first thing that is required to be done. Secondly, it is required to develop those skills among the employees so that they can adopt the changes[6]. A full plan is to be delivered to the employees in which the wh ole process of implementing and adapting the change is mentioned. Effective implementation of the change needs time. It is important to give enough time to the employees of the company so that they can understand the change and adapt it. Another important thing that needs to be done is about providing the justification to bring such change[7]. If the change is motivational to the employees then they find it easy to adopt and give their 100% to learn about the new things and if their have thinking that the change is restricting their performance and there is no use of this change for them then there may resist such change, providing them the justification to bring the change in such a ways that portrays their benefits also helps in motivating the employees to adopt those changes. It has been believed that bring change in the company is not only about getting the information but is also associated with the leadership[8]. If the employees have trust on their leaders then they will trust the change implemented by him and willingly accept the same. Resistance of change is not negative every time as it is portrayed but it slows done the process of implantation of the change and provide time to the management to think over it again and also provide time to the employees to adapt those changes implemented in the function of the organizations. References: Bridges, W., Bridges, S. (2017).Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press. Hon, A. H., Bloom, M., Crant, J. M. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance.Journal of Management,40(3), 919-941. Bareil, C. (2013). Two Paradigms about Resistance to Change.Organization Development Journal,31(3). Dawson, P., Andriopoulos, C. (2014).Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. McKay, K., Kuntz, J. R., Nswall, K. (2013). The Effect of Affective Commitment, Communication and Participation on Resistance to Change: The Role of Change Readiness.New Zealand Journal of Psychology,42(2). Pieterse, J. H., Canils, M. C., Homan, T. (2012). Professional discourses and resistance to change.Journal of Organizational Change Management,25(6), 798-818.

Monte Carlo Recommendation Essay Example

Monte Carlo Recommendation Essay The Monte Carlo structure basically exhibits the total present value of tax paid and distress cost. The optimal interest coverage ratio, which is EBIT to interest expense, should be set to 4. 2 because this is where the firm can attain the minimum cost. In another word, the reason that is the most advantageous position is because the sum of tax paid and distress cost is the smallest among all other points. The downside is that Diageo will not be rated BBB instead of A due to the fall in interest coverage ratio from 5 to 4.2. The total debt is projected to be   9491 million. According to treasury groups recommend, the total capitalization will increase from 12,167 to   14,777 million4, which represents a 21% increase going forward. Debt to equity ratio will proliferate from 1. 3 to 1. 8. Book gearing will escalate to 64% and market gearing to 34%. Allied Domecq has book and market gearing of 88% and 29% respectively. They are still able to maintain a rating of A-. Since the rating for Diageo is going to decrease regardless, a higher market gearing understandable as they are now able to pay less tax and not withstanding a huge distress cost. Though the Monte Carlo model captured several important features of the dynamic capital structure, a number of features are still missing. In order to fully capture the dynamic nature of the capital structure, an ideal model has to be able to adjust to the optimal capital structure over time, which means the D/E ratio and interest coverage ratio should be reverting around the optimal level. We will write a custom essay sample on Monte Carlo Recommendation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Monte Carlo Recommendation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Monte Carlo Recommendation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The model developed by Diageos treasury group only incorporated half of this ideal feature: when the interest coverage ratio was too high, the company issued a special dividend to gear itself back to the targeted coverage range; however, there was no provision in the model for issuing equity to pay down debt when coverage fell, consequently no effort was taken to revert the coverage back to the target level. In addition, too many specifics of the financial distress costs were missing as the model only provided a simplification of the real world situation. For instance, court costs and agency costs were both hard to estimate and therefore were missing from the model. Moreover, instead of assuming a likelihood of bankruptcy, the model attempted to estimate the costs of financial distress as a one-time permanent 20% reduction in firm value when the EBIT was less than the interest. The motivation was from the research paper Designing Capital Structure to Create Shareholder Value by T. Opler, M. Saron, and S. Titman, as they showed highly levered firms lost an additional 7% of market value during industry downturns relative to the average firm. However, there was no justification for using a 20% reduction. In addition, the model did not consider the affect that company will be going through major changes in the next 2-3 years, such as acquisition of potential beverage companies and selling off Burger King. These deals would probably result a substantial change on Diageos capital structure. Lastly, Monte Carlo model was not able to capture the dynamics of the market condition over time. For the model to be more efficient, it has to be adjusted constantly to reflect the current situation of the market condition. Pillsbury and Burger King Strategically, if a company is running a set of businesses, in order to achieve the optimal profit margin it would either choose to go full-scale or to be a niche. In Diageos case, food business is as a middle segment of the pack, therefore demerger Pillsbury and Burger King would allow Diageo to focus on beverage alcohol business. Concentrated business would make it more feasible for growth through innovation around unrivalled portfolio of brands and providing an improved base for later sustained profitable top line growth. Pillsbury, which contributed a quarter of Diageos operating profits, was too small to prosper on its own and at the same time its core business Old EI Paso Mexican was under a fierce competition in American market. Therefore by selling Pillsbury to its rival General Mills, the Pillsbury could have greater potential for cost synergies. Since Diageo still owns 33% of the new General Mills/Pillsbury business, the cost synergies would also benefit Diageo as a shareholder. Burger King, which resembles the smallest part of operating profit, is also the fastest-growing segment of Diageo which might enjoy a higher rating than Diageo itself since it is in the fast food industry. Therefore from a long term perspective, the demerger of Pillsbury and Burger King would provide more capital for further expansion. There was a remarkable performance of the core business in Diageo: the alcoholic beverages-Spirits and Wine segment and Guinness Brewing segment both revealed to experience increase in the market share. The profits attained from those two segments accounted for half of Diageos operating profits during 2000. In addition, concentrating solely on its core business would allow Diageo to enjoy marketing synergies, production and purchasing efficiencies. These benefits could arise from cost saving in manufacturing, procurement and supply; the savings could also pass through distribution system and have enhanced ability to reach consumers. As the case indicates, Diageo was in the process of integrating its two core businesses, which might result in cost reductions of i 130 million annually. Moreover, by concentrating on beverage alcohol business, Diageo is able to capture more cost synergies when acquiring rival firms. Lastly, concentration also reduced the chance for the sub-companies under Diageos alcohol beverage category to become the potential acquisition targets of its rival companies.

Film Essay essays

Film Essay essays Western films are the major defining genre of the American film industry, a nostalgic display of praise to the early days of the expansive, untamed American frontier. Director John Ford was a much-celebrated director who made some of the most famous pictures in Hollywood cinema, if not all of filmmaking. He was the supreme Western director. In 1939, Ford directed two classic Westerns, the more celebrated Stagecoach, and the less renowned Drums Along the Mohawk. Although both films being described by critics and connoisseurs of film of raising ideological contradictions in juxtaposition with one another, there is a subtle similar view that both films do agree in retrospect to their views of American civilization. There is a similarity in themes each film expresses, although each film expresses its themes in a different degree of intensity within its narrative, but in the end, these similar themes signify that both films do present a related ideology of American civilization. Not in accordance to the mainstream view of critics that these films contradict each other, these two films compliment each other. It is merely the time separation that each film is situated in that creates such disparity the critics sense between the films. Drums Along the Mohawk is set around the time of 1776, after the signing of the Declaration of Independence and around the time of the American Revolution. This setting designs the film to express such a positively conceived ideology of America and a strong optimistic view. America is to be free from British influence and have their own identity as a fully-fledged nation hence their birth as an independent nation. So much potential is conceived and progress to be achieved. Stagecoach is more of a commentary of civilization in the West during the time around 1880. The wilder...

Completing an essay on religion

Completing an essay on religion What Is an Essay on Religion? It is impossible to find a person, who doesn’t like to discuss religion and all the aspects this controversial issue can arise. Religion has existed since the appearance of the humanity and it is more than intriguing to try to find out the origin of all the miracles around us. You can be assigned to write such a topic if you study such subjects as sociology, philosophy or religion itself. That is why you not only need to be interested in the topic but have additional knowledge on various subjects. An essay is usually a short paper, which reflects your views on the subject and gives the reader information on your thoughts, backed with credible facts and arguments. It is not a research paper, so you should try to avoid complex sentences, additional data and sources that are not trustworthy. In the modern world, essays on religion are quite a popular topic, as they can reveal your knowledge of the subject, ability to collect necessary information and use writing skills to remain objective, without hurting someone’s feelings. Writing an essay on religion is a pure art and requires a serious approach. However, it can become quite a challenging and interesting task if you devote your time and energy to it. So make yourself comfortable, follow our guidelines and your essay will surely be a success. The structure, every religion essay should have Every essay always starts with an introduction section and the one on religion is not an exception. To make it as informative as possible, provide engaging and interesting arguments to stir interest of the reader. You can also add background data to make this paragraph as informative as possible; Second part is the body paragraphs, where you reveal the whole topic and state your main arguments. The main advice here is to mark three to five ideas or issues inside the religion topic and write about them, starting with the weakest and finishing with the most powerful one. In such a way, you will keep the readers’ interest to the end of the paper and they will be even more intrigued; Â  The conclusion section is often considered one of the most important parts, as sometimes readers don’t want to go through the whole essay and simply go straight to the conclusions. That is why you need to collect energy and provide the main thoughts on the topic. It should make predictions and somehow influence the future of the subject, so that the reader might have something to think of. The conclusion paragraph is usually the same size, as the introductory one. Things to remember One of the best tips you may learn, when completing an essay is that you need to focus on one question or matter and try to cover it to the fullest. It is impossible to read an essay, which tries to unite multiple issues at the same time. Such approach may easily bore the reader and you will surely lose his interest. Always back your thoughts with credible sources and arguments, as your professor will never accept a paper that doesn’t have an academic background. In addition, stick to proper language usage, avoiding common mistakes. Proofreading and editing is a useful tool, so don’t neglect it. It may be useful to ask someone to read the paper and give a side-glance to make sure that your language is smooth and clear, and the topic itself is controversial but not offensive. Possible topics Buddhist influence on the ‘slow life’ concept; Gender issues in Christianity; Can atheism be called a religion?

The challenges for business start-ups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The challenges for business start-ups - Essay Example The innovation is all about inventing a new product, therefore generating an idea for a product is the main characteristic for an entrepreneur. The entrepreneur is a creator of wealth which results in development of economy (Talloo, 2007). The entrepreneur has to develop a definite approach to promote their business. Previously the meaning of innovation basically implied technological leadership, but at present it has become a common strategy for every business. Entrepreneurship is required to adopt an approach to ensure that flow of innovation is in right direction according to strategies of the business. There is a need to review an innovation in a business as competition in the marketplace is increasing. In this context, such an innovation is â€Å"The Cave† which is an innovative marketing technique of Procter & Gamble, which has protected the company for many years. â€Å"The Cave† is 3D rooms which make a projection of the visitors into an implicit world through w hich P&G are able to monitor the reaction, behaviour and experience of consumer in a store such as Boots, Asda and Tesco. â€Å"The Cave† restores each detail of a store; captures all interior of store, visitors walking in a store, selecting the product, turning the product to read the tag or manufactured date of a product. This technique helps the company to redesign their store display, product as well as packaging and layout. This is an innovation offered to customer in a different way (Vila & MacGregor, 2010). According to Sawhney, innovation is a formation of an essential value to customers and businesses by considerably changing one or other aspect or by creating completely a new business structure (Sawhney & Et. Al., 2006). The business has to concentrate on holistic business structure for an innovation. General approach of innovation such as product along with technology is inadequate supply for demand of competitive market (Vila & MacGregor, 2010). The business start s with a commitment from an entrepreneur to become successful. The appropriate planning of a business is required for businessmen before starting its business; it can be part time or full time business. The planning regarding time, resource, product as well as service and marketing are essential for a business. The graph for a financial and personal estimation has to be created for identification of proper financial aspects for a business (Aspatore & Vault (Firm), 2002). The information and forecast is the key factor for a business. The following are a few steps followed to start a business: 1. Identification of a business: The selection of the business line is a difficult job for an entrepreneur. One may choose manufacturing or restaurant or service industry but there is no doubt that an innovative idea is required to start a business. The in-dept study of an industry has to be done to understand or gain sufficient knowledge of a particular business line. The market survey is a pro cess to be more focused on the business and hence helps to obtain data related to a specific business. 2. Identification of basic business management: The fundamental aspects such as financial management, book-keeping, accounting, human

World Trade Organizations regulatory regime Essay

World Trade Organizations regulatory regime - Essay Example It has often been found that the people, who toil throughout the day in order to bring food to our tables, are unable to provide for two square meals a day to their own children. This trend is especially noticeable among the farmers who are compelled to work hard amidst all adversities to meet their both ends meet. This innate hunger and poverty might discourage the farmers or other such producers from producing premium quality products that subsequently might lead to a deterioration of the health standards of the consumers. The solution to any problem could be found in the roots of that problem and thus a number of researches were carried out in this regard. Gradually the fact came to light that the farmers were actually very poorly paid which made it very difficult for them even to sustain their lives – the problem was especially acute in developing nations. This was reflected in the quality as well as quantity of the products, none of which were found to be potentially satu rated in nature. This was hampering their position in the international market, killing their prospects to earn more and thus push the nations towards a trial of development. Since the World Trade Organisation aimed towards attaining a free trade environment without any trace of a constraint, it was important to assure that the producers were fairly treated so that no obstructions came in their path of development and growth. Hence, the concept of fair trade farms came into being to ensure that the small-scale and marginal farmers.

Eukaryotic organelles Essay Example for Free

Eukaryotic organelles Essay Eukaryotic organelles Living things have evolved into three categories of closely related organisms, called domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. Life as we see it each day — including plants and animals — belongs to the third domain, Eukaryota. Eukaryotic cells are a more complex opposed to prokaryotes (simpler based cells), and the DNA is linear and found within a nucleus. Organelles are small structures within cells that perform specialized functions. They are found within the cytoplasm (a semiliquid substance that composes the foundation of a cell) Just as the name indicates, you can think of organelles as small organs. There are a dozen different types of organelles commonly found in eukaryotic cells. Some structures of organelles are membrane bound. The Plasma Membrane is a membrane boundary of a cell, and sorts cell transport and is the outermost cell surface. It separates the cell from the external environment. The plasma membrane is made mostly of proteins and lipids, especially phospholipids. The lipids occur in two layers (a bilayer). Proteins embedded in the bilayer appear to float within the lipid, so the membrane is constantly in flux. The membrane is therefore referred to as a fluid mosaic structure. Within the fluid mosaic structure, proteins carry out most of the membranes functions (prokaryote and eukaryote cell structure, 2000. ). The nucleus of eukaryotic cells is composed primarily of protein and deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. The DNA is organized into linear units called chromosomes. Functional segments of the chromosomes are referred to as genes. Approximately 100,000 genes are located in the nucleus of all human cells. Within the nucleus are two or more dense organelles referred to as nucleoli. In nucleoli, submicroscopic particles known as ribosomes are put together before their passage out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that is a series of membranes extending throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. In some places, the ER is studded with submicroscopic bodies called ribosomes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of two types the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This type of ER is referred to as rough ER. In other places, there are no ribosomes. This type of ER is called smooth ER. The ER is the site of protein synthesis in a cell. Within the ribosomes, amino acids are actually bound together to form proteins. We can take a look at another organelle called the Golgi body (also called the Golgi apparatus). The Golgi body is a series of flattened sacs, usually curled at the edges. In the Golgi body, the cells proteins and lipids are processed and packaged before being sent to their final destination (prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, 2000. ). Lysosomes and vacuoles are membranous sacs. The lysosome is derived from the Golgi body. It is a drop like sac of enzymes in the cytoplasm. These enzymes are used for digestion within the cell. They break down particles of food taken into the cell and make the products available for use. In other words break down old worn-out cell parts within the cell. Vacuoles Eukaryotic cells have their own internal power plant, called mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration takes place. Mitochondria contain a short loop of DNA that is distinct from the DNA contained in the cells nucleus. These tiny organelles in the cell not only produce chemical energy, but also hold the key to understanding the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. The mitochondria play a central role in making chemical energy available to the cell. Cells which require and expend a lot of energy typically have a lot of mitochondria (Muscle cells). Plastids are major organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. They are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. Plastids often contain pigments used in photosynthesis and the types of pigments present can change or determine the cells color. They possess a double-stranded DNA molecule, which is circular. Microbodies are Membrane-bound organelle sacs that contain enzymes that manage many different metabolic reactions. One type of micro body, the peroxisome, regulates the conversion of fats to carbohydrates. Peroxisomes in the liver and kidney cells could also show important in the detoxifying of certain compounds such as ethanol in alcoholic beverages. Peroxisomes occur in both plant and animal cells. Organelles, which generally do not contain membranes, are ribosomes, cytoskeletal structures, centrioles, cilia, and flagella. Centrioles are small cylindrical-shaped structures that are found just outside of the nucleus. Their purpose is to produce microtubules that help move chromosomes during cell division. The cytoskeleton gives strength and flexibility to the cell. It consists of four major components microfilaments, intermediate filaments, thick filaments, and microtubules. Each of these four components provides different functions related to the overall purpose of the cytoskeleton. Cilia, tiny hair-like structures are numerous and are found on the surface of the cell. Their purpose is to move fluids or solids across the cell membrane. The trachea and bronchi are lined with cilia to move mucous that is secreted by the cells lining the trachea up to the pharynx (throat) where the mucous is either coughed up or swallowed. A flagellum is a long hair-like structure that performs a whip-like movement. The male sperm cell is the only cell in humans that contains a flagellum, which helps the sperm cell swim up the female oviduct. Ribosomes are small granular structures that are either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or are free, floating in the cytoplasm. Proteins are produced on the surface of ribosomes (Unknown, 2012. ). Every part of the cell has a function. Membranes are essential to the organization of living processes within cells because they separate the cell from the outside world. They also separate compartments inside the cell to protect the important processes and events that occur. Cellular membranes have many functions in the different regions and organelles of a cell. All membranes contain proteins and lipid. However, the amount of each may vary depending on the membrane. Cell membranes are made up of two layers of phospholipids. Phospholipids have hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails. Water exists on both the exterior and interior sides of the membrane. The hydrophobic tails hide behind the hydrophilic heads on both sides of the membrane, forming a non-rigid boundary around the inside of the cell. This non-rigid membrane is held in its shape by microfilaments (thin and solid tubes composed of protein) of cytoskeleton (Membrane structure and function, 2009. ). Proteins determine most of the membrane’s functions. One protein can have several functions. Integral proteins – those that penetrate through the phospholipid bilayer – regulate what comes in and out of a cell. Peripheral proteins are like appendages bound to the surface of the membrane. Peripheral proteins can also act as enzymes and transporters, but they only interact with different parts within the same cell. They help transport small hydrophobic molecules, toxins, and antimicrobial peptides. A cell membrane is a great example of a super molecular structure, where many molecules are ordered into a higher level of organization with emergent properties beyond those of the individual molecules (Membrane structure and function, 2009.). As every part of the eukaryotic cell works together to perform a task and function it seems apparent that without the team work of these components, the world would lack mammals, birds, invertebrates, fish, plants, fungi, and complex single celled organisms. The capabilities of long term functionalities are in conjunction with the growth stemming from this wondrous cell called a eukaryote, a milestone in the evolution of life. of the eukaryotic cell was a milestone in the evolution of life.

Red Badge of Courage Essay: Themes of Heritage and Color

Themes of Heritage and Color in   Red Badge of Courage  Ã‚      "The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting. As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army awakened, and began to tremble with eagerness at the noise of rumors. It cast its eyes upon the roads, which were growing from long troughs of liquid mud to proper thoroughfares. A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, purled at the army's feet; and at night, when the stream had become of a sorrowful blackness, one could see across it the red, eyelike gleam of hostile camp fires set in the low brows of distant hills" (Crane 1). The above quote is the opening paragraph of Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage. Just this one paragraph foreshadows the themes of change in color and its underlying messages, and the subtle idea of social heritage. Crane, through his detailed writing, colors the war as an ever changing psychological standing as well as the changing ideals of the socially learned heritage.    The novel opens with Henry Fleming in the field and remembering the route to his current condition within the war. Crane spends a good amount of time relaying the interaction between Henry and his mother as he prepares to go off to fight in the war as well as the questioning of himself as a man. What is so interesting about this particular part, as it relates to the end of the novel, is that the America ideals of the creation of a man (hero) through war and war as beautiful are approached and challenged.    Henry's mother isn't pleased with his going off to war. She warns him against not only the enemy but also the men he shall be fighting with. "He had, of course, dre... ... the flag, the reader can see both flags in color upon a still black and white background. And finally, by the end, when Henry and his fellow men awaken to their victory, everything is in color of hope.    Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage formed circles of the two themes of heritage and color. While interchanging romanticism and deromanticism, Crane is able to create a complete three hundred and sixty degree rotation of the ideas of manhood, heroism, and attitudes of war (the fluctuating colors). The novel opens with the question of warriors equaling men and heroes, and ends with the answer. The novel begins full of color and ends with color. "Over the river a golden ray of sun came through the hosts of leaden rain clouds" (Crane 183).    Works Cited Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage. Barnes and Noble Classics, 1992.         

Should Marijuana Be Legalized-Canada

For Many years there have been debates on the possibilities of legalizing marijuana. There are many different opinions on this touchy subject. The opinion many have on marijuana being legalized in Canada would be a lawful act. The fact that marijuana is not as harmful as alcohol and other legal drugs would make it acceptable, and how taxing marijuana would bring in more money to Canada’s government. Also legalizing marijuana would free up police and court recourses, to fight against more serious crimes, and also how marijuana is a gateway drug is a false implication.The drug marijuana in general, is not more harmful than alcohol or other legal drugs such as tobacco (If used in moderation). Many people assume that marijuana was made illegal through some kind of process involving scientific, medical, and government hearings; that it was to protect the citizens from were determined to be a dangerous drug. But in reality it is not a dangerous drug, marijuana is no harmful than alc ohol or tobacco. To get to this conclusion has taken many tests and research. Studies have found that 69. 1% of marijuana users are from age 12-17 years old. Only 9% out of that category ecome dependent with the drug (meaning they become addicted to that substance and need it). By contrast, 15% of alcohol users and 32% of tobacco users become dependant[1].There were over than 800,000 arrests in Canada in 2008 for marijuana use and possession. We force them to go to rehab and then use those statistics to show how marijuana is dangerous and addictive. Over one third of those in treatment for marijuana â€Å"abuse† or was â€Å"dependant† did not use marijuana at all in the month period prior to admission, and more than half used it three times or less[2]. Would you call someone who rank three beers in a month an alcoholic? Like any substance marijuana can be abused, but it is impossible to overdose on. The most common problem associated with marijuana abuse is lethargic behavior, but does not cause serious health or social concerns.Overuse of alcohol will result in an inability to walk, stand, or even death, whereas overuse of marijuana will simply put a person to sleep. 40% of all fatal car accidents are caused by alcohol while no car accidents ever have been directly caused by marijuana[3]. Alcohol induces violent behavior and is often attributed to wife beating and ther violent behaviors. Someone under the influence of alcohol will experience fits if rage which has often led to their own demise or the death of others, while someone who got high from marijuana will stroll around pleasantly with a smile on their face in search of the nearest McDonald’s. It is as the iconoclast Bob Marley once said, â€Å"Herb is the healing of the nation, alcohol is the destruction†[4]. Cigarettes are another legal substance that is far more dangerous than marijuana. Smoking cigarettes is the leading cause of lung cancer in America.Tobacco cigarettes are filled with harmful chemicals uch as nicotine, rat poison, formaldehyde, ammonia, and arsenic. Both cigarettes and alcohol are immensely addictive phenomenon’s that lead to very serious health problems, predominantly cancer, and ultimately death. Marijuana is considered by many to be a dangerous substance but in reality many of our legal drugs are far more portentous. The studies of marijuana are still yet inconclusive and contradictory. But still, many doctors would agree that marijuana is not harmful if used in moderation. Dr. Hamilton is a specialist in drugs such as marijuana at the Institution of Medicine; he says â€Å"Comparing arijuana to alcohol is like comparing one apple to another apple†[5]. One apple is not different from another apple, meaning that marijuana should not be different from alcohol.Being told this from a specialist in drug’s you would think it is acceptable to legalize marijuana. Problems only accrue when you abuse the drug, but i s the abuse of almost any substance a problem? If you abuse alcohol, caffeine, cigarettes, or even food, health problems are sure to follow. This follows along the same path as marijuana. There is very little evidence that smoking marijuana as a means of taking it epresents a significant health risk. Although marijuana has been smoked widely over Canada for more than four decades, there have been no reported cases of lung cancer or emphysema attributed to marijuana. Many would suspect and believe that a days breathing in any city with poor air quality poses more of a threat than inhaling a days dose of marijuana. Most doctors would believe that marijuana is no more addictive than alcohol or tobacco. But even if the drug is shown to be harmful, is it not the right to every person to choose what harms him or her?Marijuana use is generally thought of as a â€Å"victimless crime†, in that only the user is being harmed. You can not legislate morality when people disagree about wha t is considered â€Å"moral. † Legalizing marijuana can also be a new source of additional tax revenues. Billions of dollars each year of tax’s come from alcohol and tobacco. Research from Jeffrey Miron, an economic professor at Harvard University says that the Canadian Government would be saving 7. 7 billion dollars a year if it did not have to spend money on policing and prosecuting marijuana activity. Then if the Canadian government legalized marijuana nd taxed it at a rate comparable to cigarettes and alcohol, another 6. 2 billion dollars would be collected by the government[6]. This is a huge amount of money raised threw government taxation. The legalization of marijuana would create another item that could be taxed.The government would have no problem spending all that extra money. Seeing how the war on drugs is an expensive battle, why would the not legalize marijuana and tax it? John Berick is from the liberal party and he says â€Å"it is an opportunity for u s to legalize marijuana and gain money from the taxation of it to help our current economic ituation†[7]. This quote proves that taxing marijuana would be a smart idea for the government; it would bring in more money to go towards helping our current economic situation. The government would be saving there time and money from trying to win a battle that can not be won on the street’s and in the end, legalizing marijuana would be free money to them. From further research, the government is spending about 7. 7 billion dollars a year on capturing the users and dealers. A great deal of expenses goes into catching them, prosecuting them in court, and housing them in jail. In common sense, it ould seem to make sense for the government to legalize marijuana and tax it.Legalizing marijuana would free up police and court recourses to fight more serious crimes. Many consider the war on drugs an expensive failure. Recourses for DEA, FBI, and border security are only the tip of the iceberg. You must add in the cost of police officers, judges, public defenders, prosecutors, prison guards, and so on. Officer Micelle Howard from the Victoria, BC police department (department number 468) says that â€Å"We spend to much time everyday fighting against this drug (marijuana), I would ather be out fighting against a more serious unlawful act†[8]. This quote proves that the people who fight against this drug feel the same way. Legalizing marijuana would free up those people to concentrate on more important things like terrorism, harder drugs, rape, murder, and so on. In addition, an already overloaded civil court would be improved.Leading into time being eliminated to help and fight more serious court cases. But sometimes with the police force when it comes to street control, there is no police to call or lawyers to higher if you get stiffed or screwed over in a drug deal. Meaning you re left to settle the dispute by yourself, often leading into cycles of retal iatory violence. Legalizing marijuana would save time and money, also settle disputes properly. Many people also believe that marijuana is a gateway drug and will lead into other more dangerous drugs. It’s true that most people who do hard drugs didn’t immediately start out snorting cocaine or shooting heroin, but smoking marijuana every now and then does not condemn you to be some cracked out heroin feign. As it stands right now only a small portion of semi smokers go on to harder drugs and I’m sure that number will go own if marijuana is legalized.If kids could run down the street and pick up some marijuana their interest in other drugs would be diminished. The only way that marijuana could be considered a gateway drug is if it is sold alongside hard drugs. True some marijuana dealers sell harder stuff but legalizing marijuana completely negates that argument. If marijuana were legal there would be no need for side street dealers who might have hard drugs on t hem, it could be sold in any convenience store across the country. Many would say for a fact that teenagers would much rather get high legally han break the law to do so. The problem is legal highs are not readily available, the closest you can get is with cigarettes which not only taste disgusting but are extremely deleterious to your health and the health of others. Implying that smoking weed always leads to harder drugs is like saying that anyone who has ever stolen something will go on to armed piracy of oil tankers. People who steal probably did steal in their youth but that does not mean everyone who steals will end up like them. There is only scant evidence that marijuana produces physical dependence and withdrawal in humans.When human subjects were administered daily oral doses of 180-210 mg of THC – the equivalent of 15-20 joints per day – abrupt cessation produced adverse symptoms, including disturbed sleep, restlessness, nausea, decreased appetite, and sweat ing. The authors interpreted these symptoms as evidence of physical dependence. However, they noted the syndrome's relatively mild nature and remained skeptical of its occurrence when marijuana is consumed in usual doses and situations. Indeed, when humans are allowed to control consumption, even high doses are not followed by adverse withdrawal ymptoms. Signs of withdrawal have been created in laboratory animals following the administration of very high doses.Recently, at a NIDA-sponsored conference, a researcher described unpublished observations involving rats pretreated with THC and then dosed with a cannabinoid receptor-blocker. Not surprisingly, this provoked sudden withdrawal, by stripping receptors of the drug. This finding has no relevance to human users who, upon ceasing use, experience a very gradual removal of THC from receptors. The most avid publicizers of marijuana's addictive nature are treatment providers who, in ecent years, have increasingly admitted insured marij uana users to their programs. 65 The increasing use of drug-detection technologies in the workplace, schools and elsewhere has also produced a group of marijuana users who identify themselves as â€Å"addicts† in order to receive treatment instead of punishment. The Myth; Marijuana is a â€Å"Gateway† to the use of other drugs . Advocates of marijuana prohibition claim that even if marijuana itself causes minimal harm, it is a dangerous substance because it leads to the use of â€Å"harder drugs† such as heroin, LSD, and cocaine.The Fact, Most users of heroin, LSD and cocaine have used marijuana. However, most marijuana users never use another illegal drug. Over time, there has been no consistent relationship between the use patterns of various drugs. As marijuana use increased in the 1960s and 1970s, heroin use declined. And, when marijuana use declined in the 1980s, heroin use remained fairly stable; Marijuana as a gateway drug is a false implication and canno t be used in a serious discussion about legalizing marijuana. Many people also insinuate that marijuana leads people to a life of crime.The only way to test this theory is to study the results when pot is legal. Amsterdam, where marijuana is legal, has a lower crime rate than any major U. S. city. I think that soundly disproves that theory and clearly shows that smoking marijuana is not a gateway to anything illegal[9]. Through these subjects of explaining why legalizing marijuana would be acceptable, should change you outlook on legalizing marijuana. Marijuana is no harmful than alcohol nor tobacco, 47% of alcohol and tobacco users become independent, with marijuana only 9% become dependant; and taxing marijuana would bring in over 14 illion dollars into the government (from saving 7. 7 billion dollars in fighting against it, and gaining 6. 2 billion dollars in taxing it). Also legalizing marijuana would help officers to fight against more serious crimes (not spending half their da y tracking marijuana users and addicts).And finally how marijuana is a gateway drug, these are all subject that the people protecting marijuana from being legal use to persuade our minds. Legalizing marijuana would be an acceptable idea; from tests and research this statement is true. There are far more serious crimes to be worried about than a â€Å"victimless crime† uch as marijuana.Bibliography Books: John A. Benson, Stanley J. Watson, and Janet E. Joy, eds. , Marijuana and Medicine: Assessment of the Science Base. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Alan Bock, Waiting to Inhale: The Politics of Medical Marijuana. Santa Ana, CA: Seven Locks Press, 2000. Richard J. Bonnie, and Charles H. Whitehead II, Marijuana Conviction: History of Marijuana Prohibition. New York: Open Society Institute, 1999. Elizabeth Russell and Beth Connolly, Through a Glass Darkly: The Psychological Effects of Marijuana and Hashish†¦.

Isabel Allende

A Tribute to Isabel Allende Honor should be given to Allende, whose works sometimes contain aspects of the â€Å"magic realistic† tradition, is one of the first successful women novelists in Latin America. She is largely famous for her contributions to Latin-American literature, novels such as The House of the Spirits (La casa de los espiritus (1982) and City of the Beasts (La ciudad de las bestias) (2002), which have been hugely successful. She has written novels based in part on her own experiences, often focusing on the experiences of women, weaving myth and realism together. She has lectured and done extensive book tours and has taught literature at ten US colleges. Having adopted American citizenship in 2003, she currently resides in California along with her husband. Professional Life Born in Lima, Peru, her Chilean diplomat father and her mother divorced and she lived with her mother and grandparents. She worked first as a secretary and then as a journalist in print, on television and in movie documentaries. After the overthrow and assassination in 1973 of her uncle, Salvador Allende, president of Chile, Isabel Allende and her husband and children left for safety in Venezuela. It was in her exile that she began to write The House of the Spirits, her first novel, which was based on her own family and the politics of Chile. She continued to produce novels based in part on her own experience, often focusing on the experience of women, weaving myth and realism together. She has lectured and done extensive book tours, and has taught literature at colleges in Virginia, New Jersey and California. Her 1995 work, Paula, is based on the extended coma and death of her daughter in 1992. She was divorced from her first husband, Miguel Frias, an engineer. In 1988, she married William Gordon, a lawyer. Personal Life Allende thinks is very strange to talk about her because her life it is not just a list of dates and events. In reality the most important things about her life happened in the secret chambers of her heart and have no place in a biography. According to her own words, her most significant achievements are not her books, but the love she shares with a few people, especially her family, and the ways in which she has tried to help others. When she was young, she often felt desperate: so much pain in the world and so little she could do to alleviate it. But now she looks back at her life and feels satisfied because few days went by without at least trying. A day at a time, a person at time; in the end it adds up! Here are a few things she considers important and you won't find in a list of her publications and accomplishments: ? It is important to be kind, be truthful, and take care of others and herself. Women her age, as elders of the village, have a duty to care for the young, especially girls. If the world is ever going to heal, it will be women who will make it so. Today's girls are tomorrow's women. We cannot leave them to fend for themselves. ?She has been empowered by education, reproductive rights and economic independence. Young women who are uneducated and have no skills, who are not in control of their own bodies and fertility, and who cannot support themselves, can become destitute and be victimized. Each of us must act without delay to empower girls to take control of their lives, even if they stumble and fall a hundred times. With our help, they can succeed. ?In every human being there is a core of shining dignity and courage. Conclusion In 1981, the world gained one of Latin America most remarkable writers with distinguished contributions as a literary artist and humanitarian. Works by the writer â€Å"The House of the Spirits†, (novel) Spain 1982 â€Å"Of Love and Shadows†, (novel) Spain 1984 â€Å"Eva Luna'†, (novel) Spain 1985 Stories of Eva Luna†, (short stories) Spain 1989 â€Å"The Infinite Plan†, (novel) Spain 1991 â€Å"Paula†, (novel) Spain 1994 â€Å"Aphrodite† (recipes, stories and other aphrodisiacs) Spain 1997 â€Å"Daughter of Fortune†, (novel) Spain 1999 â€Å"Portrait in Sepia†, (novel) Spain 2000 â€Å"The City of the Beasts† (young adult novel) Spain 2002 â€Å"My Invented Country†, ( novel) Spain 2003 â€Å"Kingdom of the Golden Dragon†, (young adult novel) Spain 2003 â€Å"Forest of the Pygmies†, (young adult novel) 2005 â€Å"Zorro†, (novel) Spain 2005 Ines of My Soul†, (novel) Spain 2006 â€Å"The Sum of Our Days†, (novel) Spain 2007 Works about the writer Isabel Allende, Award-Winning Latin American Author by Mary Main (2005) Bautista Gutierrez, Gloria and Corrales-Martin, Norma; Pinceledas Literarias Latinoamericanas, John Wiley and Sons, 2004 â€Å"Allende is all about storytelling. † Toronto Star (Canada) 23 Oct. 2002. www. epnet. com www. isabelallende. com www. ted. com. php/talks/isabel_allende_tells_tales_of_passion. html www. motherjones. com/arts/qa/1994/09/allende. html

true Columbus essays

true Columbus essays Europeans governments and businessmen stopped at nothing to ensure their economic success, they committed genocide plus ethnocide. The main reason Europe hurried to the new land was for resources and land which is money. Money was the center to the madness. In every battle between the natives and the settlers they were fighting over something and that something is money to the settlers. Profit is the settlers motive for the destruction of the Native communities. Columbus was the beginning to the madness that went on in the discovery and settling on the new lands. He came to the new land funded by Spain. Spain at this tie was a country that needed money so funding this expedition was a solution to their problem. Columbus promised to bring back gold and spices to pay off the expenses plus more, which would help Spains problems. Unfortunately arriving at the Americas Columbus discovered that his predictions of gold and spices were wrong and there was less then he had thought there would be. He became desperate he overpowered the natives making them slaves for he needed money to bring back to Spain and the natives were the quickest way to get it. Columbuss future relied on Spains profit of the expedition he was promised 10% of what he brought back and leadership of many of the new land. What he supplied for Spain was also benefiting him in a large way. He forced every native to supply him with a certain amount of gold over a short amount of t ime, like a tax. Doing this he became the first European to take control and treat the natives poorly he began a state of mind for the settlers that they are above the natives and they can overpower them. When the amount of gold was not enough this mind state led to genocide. In the year 1495 Columbus ordered an expedition of men to go on a slave raid. Columbus had failed in finding gold fields so slaves would be used to fill up the space on the ships. They rounded up 1500 Araw ...

Library Cave at Dunhuang - Buddhist Scholarly Cache

Library Cave at Dunhuang - Buddhist Scholarly Cache When the Library Cave, known as Cave 17 from the Mogao Cave Complex at Dunhuang, China, was opened in 1900, an estimated 40,000 manuscripts, scrolls, booklets and paintings on silk, hemp and paper were found literally stuffed into it. This treasure trove of writings was collected between the 9th and 10th centuries AD, by Tang and Song dynasty Buddhist monks who carved the cave and then filled it with ancient and current manuscripts on topics ranging from  religion and philosophy, history and mathematics, folk songs and dance. Cave of Manuscripts Cave 17 is only one of ~500 human-made caves called the Mogao Ku or Mogao Grottoes, which were dug into a loess cliff approximately 25 kilometers (15 miles) southeast of the town of Dunhuang in Gansu province of northeastern China. Dunhuang has an oasis (around Crescent Lake) and it was an important cultural and religious crossroads on the famous Silk Road. The Mogao Cave complex is one of five cave temple complexes in the Dunhuang region. These caves were excavated and maintained by Buddhist monks until about a thousand years ago  when they were sealed and hidden until rediscovery in 1900. The religious and philosophical subjects of the manuscripts include works on Taoism, Buddhism, Nestorianism, and Judaism (at least one of the manuscripts is in Hebrew). Many of the texts are scriptures, but they also cover politics, economy, philology, military affairs and art, written in several languages predominated by Chinese and Tibetan. Dating the Dunhuang Manuscripts From inscriptions, we know that the original librarian in the cave was a Chinese monk called Hongbian, the leader of the Buddhist community at Dunhuang. After his death in 862, the cave was consecrated as a Buddhist shrine complete with a statue of Hongbian, and some manuscripts after that may have been left as offerings. Scholars also suggest that perhaps as other caves were emptied and reused, the overflow storage might have ended up in Cave 17. Chinese historical documents typically have colophons, introductions to the information in the manuscript that include the date they were written, or textual evidence of that date. The most recent of the dated manuscripts from Cave 17 was written in 1002. Scholars believe the cave was sealed shortly afterward. Together, the manuscripts date between the Western Jin dynasty (AD 265-316) to the Northern Song dynasty (AD 960-1127) and, if the history of the cave is correct, were likely collected between the 9th and 10th centuries AD. Paper and Ink A recent study (Helman-Wazny and Van Schaik) looked at the processes of Tibetan paper-making in evidence on a selection of manuscripts from the Stein Collection in the British Library, manuscripts collected from Cave 17 by the Hungarian-British archaeologist Aurel Stein in the early 20th century. The primary type of paper reported by Helman-Wazny and Van Schaik were rag papers composed of ramie (Boehmeria sp) and hemp (Cannabis sp), with minor additions of jute (Corchorus sp) and   paper mulberry ( Broussonetia sp). Six manuscripts were made entirely of   Thymelaeaceae (​Daphne or Edgeworthia sp); several were made primarily from paper mulberry. A study of inks and paper-making by Richardin and colleagues was conducted on two Chinese manuscripts in the Pelliot collections in the National Library of France. These were collected from Cave 17 in the early 20th century by French scholar Paul Pelliot.   Inks used in the Chinese manuscripts include reds made of a mixture of hematite and red and yellow ochres; red paint on the murals in other Mogao caves are made of ochre, cinnabar, synthetic vermilion, red lead and organic red. Black inks are made primarily of carbon, with an addition of ochre, calcium carbonate, quartz, and kaolinite. Wood identified from the papers in the Pelliot collections include salt cedar (Tamaricaceae). Initial Discovery and Recent Research Cave 17 at Mogao was discovered in 1900 by a Taoist priest named Wang Yuanlu. Aurel Stein visited the caves in 1907-1908, taking a collection of manuscripts and paintings on paper, silk, and ramie, as well as a few wall paintings. French sinologist Paul Pelliot, American Langdon Warner, Russian Sergei Oldenburg and many other explorers and scholars visited Dunhuang and walked off with other relics, which can now be found scattered in museums around the world. The Dunhuang Academy was set up in China in the 1980s, to collect and preserve the manuscripts; the International Dunhuang Project was formed in 1994 to bring the international scholars together to work collaboratively on the far-flung collections. Recent investigations into environmental issues such as the effect of ambient air quality on the manuscripts and the continuing deposit of sand from the surrounding region into the Mogao caves have identified threats to Library Cave, and the others in the Mogao system (see Wang). Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Archaeology of Buddhism, Ancient Writing, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Helman-Wazny A, and Van Schaik S. 2013. Witnesses for Tibetan craftsmanship: bringing together paper analysis, palaeography and codicology in the examination of the earliest Tibetan manuscripts. Archaeometry 55(4):707-741. Jianjun Q, Ning H, Guangrong D, and Weimin Z. 2001. The role and significance of the Gobi Desert pavement in controlling sand movement on the cliff top near the Dunhuang Magao Grottoes. Journal of Arid Environments 48(3):357-371. Richardin P, Cuisance F, Buisson N, Asensi-Amoros V, and Lavier C. 2010. AMS radiocarbon dating and scientific examination of high historical value manuscripts: Application to two Chinese manuscripts from Dunhuang. Journal of Cultural Heritage 11(4):398-403. Shichang M. 1995. Buddhist Cave-Temples and the Cao Family at Mogao Ku, Dunhuang. World Archaeology 27(2):303-317. Wang W, Ma X, Ma Y, Mao L, Wu F, Ma X, An L, and Feng H. 2010. Seasonal dynamics of airborne fungi in different caves of the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation 64(6):461-466. Wang W, Ma Y, Ma X, Wu F, Ma X, An L, and Feng H. 2010. Seasonal variations of airborne bacteria in the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation 64(4):309-315.

Easy Jet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Easy Jet - Essay Example Suppliers: Suppliers play a major role in any business. The suppliers provide the right product, material or service on the right time. Suppliers in the airline industry need to be accurate and specific on the products and services required. The airlines which are already developed and working in the industry like Easyjet have relatively more power on the suppliers. However, the most critical supplies like the oil prices are highly depended on the cost which is determined by the political and economical issues prevalent in the country. Hence, the airlines and specifically Easyjet does not have any control over such supplies and their costs. Boeing and Airbus are the major suppliers of aircrafts in the industry up till now. This concentrated number of manufacturers gives the suppliers more power over the airline industry. Airbus and Boeing are the major suppliers of commercial planes in the industry. EasyJet is running the airline business using a single kind of aircraft. This factor limits its power over the suppliers as the prospects of high profits and sales from Easyjet are limited for the suppliers. However, if EasyJet moves towards expanding its operations and overall business expansion, it may have higher bargaining power over the supplies and services from the suppliers. ... The threat of substitutes is low due to the competitive advantage of timeliness and quick service of the airline industry. However, the existing competitors like RyanAir, are posing a threat to the success of EasyJet by offering discounts to increase sales, providing better and more comfortable services and so on. These competitors play a major role in deciding the future sales, business growth and decisions of the EasyJet. A change in the price or nature of services of one airline business places a burden on the other to provide equal or competing options to attract customers. Hence the analysis of competitors, their strategies, cost cutting ways and factors increasing sales are of paramount importance for EasyJet (Mayer 2003, pp. 9-11). Distributors of EasyJet mainly consist of Internet Booking System and Telephone reservation Systems. These two modes of distribution are easy, user-friendly and flexible for the customers. These modes can be accessed anywhere and with minimal time t o process their request. These distribution modes are technologically equipped and hence less chance of error or frauds are present. Since 90 percent of EasyJet’s sales is acquired through internet Booking systems, the business is highly dependent on it. This distribution channel may harm the business’s reputation if some error occurs within the electronic processing of requests. It is however justifiable to believe that these distributors of EasyJet’s services play a major role in the company’s cost-effective plans (Mayer 2003, pp. 9-11). EasyJet offers low cost airline services to its customers. The customers who opt for such low cost services are more price conscious.

Environmental Studies Lecture Notes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Studies Lecture Notes - Case Study Example Next he went over the homework assignments and the reading assignments. As we finally got started with the class itself, he started a discussion what renewable sources of energy are. Essentially it's an energy source that renews itself without effort; they can be used over and over again. These kinds of sources can include solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen, geothermal energy, hydroelectric energy, and ocean energy. This class is focused more on production more than previous classes in the program because it's more cost-effective to conserve energy before you try to produce it. Each of these sources of energy have some positive and potentially negative elements that might come into play. Some of the first vocabulary he went over was solar constant, which is the amount of energy that goes by the earth. Insolation talks about how much solar radiation hits the ground and there are three different kinds - direct, diffuse, and reflected. One sun is another term that will come up often and ref ers to the amount of sun an area gets in a day. Azimuth and altitude angle. Altitude is the height of the sun in the sky. Azimuth angle is the angle from the south. This has an effect on where and what orientation we build solar panels to achieve maximum power source. The optimum is to go south, west is better than east, and consider areas of shade. The angle of the solar panels should be equal to the latitude, but can be adjusted in consideration of the uses of the project (summer, winter, other environmental conditions like fog). Although some utilities will pay you for excess power you produce, but they aren't obligated to do so by law. Basics of PV cells is that it is a semi-conductor electron pump that creates about .5 volts of DC power per cell, a number of cells are collected to create a module and a collection of modules is an array. Types of PVs are stand alones (sometimes with batteries) or Grid intertie (tied into the grid and the meter goes backwards), and they're made o f crystalline silicon (multicrystalline is the most popular right now), thin film, and concentrators or tracking devices to add greater efficiency. Building integrated PV means a low efficiency PV system that works with the building to provide additional comfort and collect power at the same time. After going over a normal set-up and some examples, we discussed the need for battery backup systems - 3-5 days of backup is typical and should provide power for the essential systems such as refrigerator, etc. There's a lot of estimating about installing a system - you have to estimate the load and the production, the available sunlight, and the reliability of the system. Have to know the difference between kW (unit of power) and kWh (energy). Factors that affect output include temperature, dirt, wiring losses, and AC to DC conversion. Then we discussed how to calculate energy. We ended the lecture with an introduction to solar thermal - heating hot water, space heating, or pool heating - and replaces the need for natural gas. Again, conservation takes precedence over efficiency. Systems are better than they used to be in the 70s. Types of thermal systems are batch heaters (collection and storage are together) and flat plate collectors (collection and

The novel the help by kathryn stockett Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The novel the help by kathryn stockett - Essay Example The diverse views of the characters indicate the behaviour of the characters, which help us understand the character development in this novel. For the case of Skeeter, we see her change her priorities throughout the novel. For instance, at first, she aspires to become a journalist for a well-known paper; she began writing answers for a local magazine and later she is seen offering advice on cleaning and cooking among other house chores. The author makes Skeeter to appear different from other white women by exhibiting her bravely, which is admirable by the audience (Kathryn, 69). She comes out strong as a defender of the house help. She exposes all the bad life the maids undergo under the hands of her friends. This is true when we see her long-term relationship with Stuart ends. The character development of Skeeter can be well approached through a focus of her relationship with situations and other characters such as Constantine and her author Kathryn Stockett. One of the fundamental moves that shape Skeeter’s character development as the protagonist in the novel The Help is her decision to move away from the social helm held by the white women. This allowed her to shape her character as exemplary amongst the white dominated populace that lived discriminative of the black house cleaners. It is observable that her decision is not expectable in the setting of this novel. This implies that, she takes a bold step conscious of the outcome which includes discrimination by her friends, which is evident. It is satisfactory that, the Skeeter character revolves around her relationship with other characters and certain scenarios in the novel. In the thirteen chapters of the novel, Skeeter is seen as a character that seeks the truth, kind and committed to help the less advantaged in the society. Constantine is a black woman hired to take care of Skeeter. Skeeter turns to develop very strong and close relationship with the woman.

Types Of Small Business Structures Business Essay

Types Of Small Business Structures Business Essay Small businesses are normally privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships. Small business employs over half of the countrys workforce. While many people think that new industrial giants are the most important factor in driving the economy, but small business is actually in the top. Small business in all country has been the stabilizing force in the economy. Entrepreneurs are the backbone of creativity and production. Small business is what stimulates economic growth. Every country has its own criteria to separate small businesses from the larger ones Apart from number of employees other criteria for classifying a business as small are: Amount of capital employed Annual Sales turnover Value of assets Profits Types of Small Business  Structures Making the right decision about the legal and corporate structure of the business is critical to long-term success. How establishing the business will affect ownership rights, personal liability risks, and how operate the business. The following is a simple breakdown of some of the different types of business structures. 1.  Corporations Corporations are governed by a set of By laws, which are usually filed along with Articles of Incorporation. Corporations become a legal entity that owns itself. Corporations can have their own bank accounts, assets, and even secure financing. All tax-exempt nonprofit organizations must be incorporated 2.  Limited Liability Company (LLC) (also called Limited Liability Corporation) A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is sometimes also referred to as a Limited Liability Corporation, but the preferred term is Company. It is one of the simpler ways to start a business, and is becoming one of the most popular ways to structure a business. An LLC is not a corporation, but has some of the protection benefits that a fully incorporated business structure has. 3.  Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) An LLP is similar to a general partnership; however, in an LLP, each partner is not liable for the actions of other partners. If one partner dies, the LLP automatically ceases. There are many forms or partnerships that can be formed. 4.  Sole Proprietorships The sole proprietorship is the easiest way to form a business. It is subject to the fewest regulations of all business structures. For tax and legal purposes, the business is the owner. When the owner dies the business automatically ceases. Starting a Business Identify Your Business Opportunity: Choosing what kind of business to start can be an immobilizing task when confronted with the multitude of opportunities. Its important to determine where the passions lie. Yet, equally important is what skills you bring to the table and whether you are entering a dying industry or a fast growing emerging business. Build a Business Plan: For any start-ups, a business plan allows you to gain a better understanding of your industry structure, competitive landscape, and the capital requirements of starting a small business. Find Start-up Money: To start a business, you must invest in the business. The journey of finding start up funds will be different for each individual. Some start ups such as consulting, requires a few thousand to get a website and business cards whereas a retail store could need lots of money. Finding the money you need may come for a source you never thought of . Name Your Business: Whats in a business name? The right business name will help distinguish you from a sea of bland competitors, provide your customers with a reason to hire you, and aid in the branding of your company. Learn what you need to know to find a name for your business. Choose a Business Structure: Deciding on the structure of your business is not a decision to be taken lightly. Whether you choose the popular LLC, a sole proprietorship or form a corporation; your choice will have an impact on your business liability, fund-ability as well as taxes due. Dont worry over your ultimate business structure, because as your business evolves, so too, may your structure. Get Your Business License and Permits: Starting a small business requires the ordinary, yet necessary, paperwork and regulations. Depending on your chosen business structure, may need to register your business with the state authorities. Setting up your small business may require an employer identification number which is also used by state taxing authorities to identify businesses. Additional paperwork can entail sales tax licenses. Set Up Determine Your Business Location: One of the multitudes of tasks in starting a business is the setting up of your office. There are many steps in office set up including where to locate your office (home or office space), buying the necessary office equipment, designing your work space and getting supplies. Get Business Insurance: As a new small business owner, you have the responsibility to manage the risks associated with your business. Dont put your new start-up at risk without getting the proper small business insurance to protect your company in the event of disaster or litigation. Create an Accounting System: The accounting and bookkeeping aspect of running your business cant be avoided. Setting up your accounting will help you understand the financials of running a business . Advantages and disadvantages of small business This Following are the advantages and disadvantages of small businesses to their owner or operator as well as the economy in which they operate. Appropriate government policies to promote small businesses are also discussed. Advantage of the owner There is a relatively small amount of capital needed to start the businesses. This is a very strong point as banks might not be willing to lend large amounts of money to businesses that are new. These businesses are good for those people who have experience in a field but do not have an adequate amount of resources. These resources of production could be land, labor, capital and enterprise. Enterprise is the risk taking ability of the owner. Small businesses give the owner the freedom to choose the way they want to work, the office hours, when to take breaks during the day or when to take a day off. The entrepreneur has complete right over the profit. He does not have to share it with other, unlike large public limited companies which have to give out the profits to a large number of shareholders in the form of dividends. Entrepreneurs own business motivates him to work harder as he takes all the profits and is Advantages of the Economy   Ã‚  They provide employment to a very large number of people. In some economies, they employ more than half of the total employees. They act as competitors to larger firms which will help improve their efficiency and lower the prices offered to the consumers. Small firms might come up with very innovative ideas which can lead to mass production of products and exports to foreign markets which has huge advantages for the economy. Most businesses start with being small. Therefore there is an enormous chance that small businesses of today might become the market leaders of tomorrow and provide greater benefits to the economy. Government Policies to Help Small Businesses The governments should offer lower amount of corporate taxes for small businesses. Most governments do that. Loans should be provided to these businesses which are free of interest or at very small rates of interest. Grants should be given to small businesses for operating in underdeveloped areas of the country with high unemployment The government should provide them satisfactory level of training so that the owners and employees could work more efficiently to make the business a success  [1]   The importance and benefits of small businesses Small businesses are vital to the success of the economy. Not only as they provide the success stories of the future, but also because they meet local needs. They serve the requirements of larger businesses. Being entrepreneurial simply means developing the right skills, attitudes and initiatives to make an innovative contribution to an organization. Small businesses survive and prosper for many different reasons: Developing personal relationships small businesses are well placed to build personal relationships with customers, employees, and suppliers. With a small business you know who you are dealing with; you can put a face to the person you are in contact with. Person-to-person interaction is as important as ever in building strong relationships. Responding flexibly to problems and challenges in a small business there is little hierarchy or chain of command. Large businesses may have set ways of operating and establish procedures that are hard to change. Small businesses are often far more flexible. It can also reach a quick decision on whether or not it can do what is required. Inventiveness and innovation small businesses are well positioned to introduce and develop new ideas. This is due to their owners not having to report or seek approval from anyone else. Low overheads due to the small scale of operation, small businesses have lower overhead costs. They operate in small premises with low heating and lighting costs, and limited rent and rates to pay. Low costs result in lower prices for consumers. Catering for limited or niche markets -large firms with high overheads must produce high levels of output to spread costs. By contrast, small firms are able to make a profit on much lower sales figures. They can therefore sell into much smaller markets: a local window cleaner serving a few hundred houses, a specialist jewellery maker with personal clients. The main reason many people choose to set up a small business, is because it gives them independence. They also reap the rewards for themselves; these are two powerful incentives Small businesses face the following problems Costs A study conducted by the National Federation of Independent Business reported in 2008 that the primary problem that business owners face is the expense of running the business. The inability to control some costs, including health insurance, energy bills and inflation, add stress to the business owners bottom line. In addition, the cost of paying employees, stocking inventory and basic overhead can create cash flow issues for the small business owner. Time Management Time management can become problematic for the owner of a small business. Small businesses often operate on a very tight budget, precluding the hiring of many employees. The owner is often faced with trying to manage and grow the business, while at the same time having to run the everyday operation. Small business owners can also find themselves so tied up in running the business that they dont take time to enjoy families, hobbies or other activities. Inflexibility Refusing to let go of an idea and move on to something else is a common problem for small business owners, according to the Nevada Appeal. For small business owners to succeed, it is important for them to be willing to think like an entrepreneur and explore many different ideas. Whether it is the need to change inventory, provide additional services or move to a new location, a small business owner must remain flexible if he wants his small business to succeed. Obtaining Credit Access to credit can be an issue for the small business owner, according to the Washington Post. A business line of credit can provide necessary cash flow during the start-up months. It can also ensure that the owner has the ability to fill the business with inventory and meet her payroll. A small business, however, will not always qualify for a large credit line, which can impede the owners ability to succeed. Employee Issues Small business owners often face a problem when it comes to hiring a workforce. Staffing enough workers to adequately cover the business needs without destroying the businesss profit margin can be a tricky process. Under capitalisation Poor debt management Lack of managerial skills of the owner Cannot retain experienced staff Usually find it difficult to attract skilled staff Poor stock management How can small business survive Small firms survive by being different (product differentiation). They can survive by Segmenting the market by income. They can target niche market segments of high income customers, position their product as a premium brand at a high premium price eg Morgan sports cars Small firms have the advantage of being able to respond quickly to change they do not have the bureaucratic procedures often a feature of large firms where decisions are made only after endless meetings. This means they can be quick to exploit new market trends. The Internet also allows small firms direct access to consumers, by passing intermediaries. The web gives small firms the opportunity of international marketing. Small independent firms can join together to form a buying group to negotiate discounts on joint orders. Small firms can survive by selecting a premium niche and offering an exclusive brand that exactly meets the customer requirements of their target segment. They will need to be totally customer orientated. Keep well documentation for  accounts receivable financing  when unexpected expenses arrive.